today let us talk about NAT, what it mean, how it works and what it did to make the IPv4 handle to this moment.
NAT ( network address translation) its a Protocol works with IPv4 in order to avoiding any IP loss, and how is that if you ask!
by using a privet IP in our LAN network, these privet IP don't provide internet service without using a public IP.
at first the privet IP were translated to public IP in a way each privet IP translated to a public IP, but when the internet usage where increased, there were no enough public IPs to be translated for.
as solving for this problem, PAT protocol has introduced, it's work the same as Nat protocol but it has the ability to translate all the private IPs in same LAN to one public IP, by using a virtual ports and each privet IP will reach the internet using the same public IP with different specific port.
the number of virtual ports that can be used is 65535 virtual port, work with all technologies.
by using this protocol we reducing the cost of buying public IP for each device inside the LAN, and we also reducing the amount of PUBLIC IP used in the world to make it enough for all countries and users.
at the end a IPv6 has been introduced in order to solve the problem of running of IPs.
